World History

The Greek Philosophers

The names of the three most important Greek philosophers in order of their dates of birth and also their influence are:

Socrates 469399 BC
Plato c. 429c. 347 BC
Aristotle 384322 BC

Socrates taught Plato and Plato taught Aristotle. Together they created the foundations of Western philosophy. Use your visual memory and imagine them meditating in a health SPA. Or think of the phrase: Smart People of Athens.

Roman Emperors

After Julius Caesar the Roman general and statesman who became dictator of the Roman Empire before his assassination in 44 BC the first five emperors of Rome were all Caesars. The first emperor was Julius Caesar’s adopted son and greatnephew Augustus who handed down the title to his soninlaw Tiberius. From Augustus to Nero Caesar’s descendants by adoption marriage or birth all inherited the family name:

Augustus 31 BCAD 14
Tiberius AD 1437
Caligula AD 3741
Claudius AD 4154
Nero AD 5468

Here’s a phrase to help remember the names by which they were most commonly known:

Another Tom Cat Caught Napping.

The next six Roman emperors after Nero are Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian:

At The Cat Club Never Give Out Violent Vermin To Dogs

The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

The seven wonders of the ancient world were chronicled in the second century B.C. but a list has been discovered in The Histories of Herodotus in the fifth century B.C. The final list of amazing monuments to religion mythology and art was compiled in the Middle Ages.

1. Statue of Zeus at Olympia
2. Lighthouse Pharos of Alexandria
3. Mausoleum of Halicarnassus
4. Pyramids of Egypt
5. Hanging Gardens of Babylon
6. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
7. Colossus of Rhodes

This mnemonic phrase has proved useful in remembering the seven wonders:

Seems Like Mata Hari Picked Her Targets Carefully.

Mythological Matters

Mnemosyne is the Greek goddess of memory daughter of Gaia and Uranus. She lay with Zeus for nine nights and gave birth to the nine Muses: Calliope Euterpe Clio Erato Melpomene Polyhymnia Terpsichore Thalia and Urania.

Carol Eats Crunchy Eggs Mashed Potatoes Then Throws Up.

Clarrissa Eats Candy Every Morning Politely Taking Turns.

In classical art the Muses are represented by emblems or mnemonic symbols of which the masks of comedy and tragedy are probably the most familiar.

Name Association Mnemonic symbol

Calliope Chief of the muses and muse of epic poetry writing tablet
Euterpe Muse of music flute
Clio Muse of history scroll and books
Erato Muse of love poetry lyre and crownof roses
Melpomene Muse of tragedy tragic mask
Polyhymnia Muse of sacred poetry pensive expression
Terpsichore Muse of dance dancing with a lyre
Thalia Muse of comedy comic mask
Urania Muse of astronomy staff and celestial globe

Joan of Arc

Also known as the Maid of Orleans Joan of Arc c. 14121431 a French national heroine claimed that it was God’s mission for her to reclaim her homeland from English domination toward the end of the Hundred Years War. She triumphed at the Siege of Orlans in 1429 which led to Charles VII’s coronation at Reims but was later captured at a skirmish near Compigne. The English regent John of Lancaster first Duke of Bedford had her burned at the stake at Rouen when she was only 19. She was canonized in 1920.

This mnemonic phrase describes the short life of Joan of Arc:

ORLEANS CAMPAIGN RUIN

Orleans victory 1429
Compiegne capture 1430
Rouen trial and death 1431

The Six Wives of Henry VIII

Henry VIII 14911547 married six times in a quest to have a son and heir. His decision to divorce his first wife and remarry was the root of the split of the Roman Catholic Church the dissolution of the monasteries and the formation of the Church of England. The following is a list of Henry’s wives in order of marriage dates from first to last:

1510 Catherine of Aragon mother of Mary I
1533 Anne Boleyn mother of Elizabeth I
1536 Jane Seymour mother of Edward VI
1540 Anne of Cleves
1540 Catherine Howard
1543 Catherine Parr

Use this rhythmic couplet to remember their first names:

Kate amp; Anne amp; Jane amp; Anne amp; Kate again amp; again!

Using the initial letters of their surnames gives the phrase:

All Boys Should Come Home Please.

The following memorable rhyme reveals the ultimate fate of these six women:

Divorced beheaded died
Divorced beheaded survived.

The above excerpt is a digitally scanned reproduction of text from print. Although this excerpt has been proofread occasional errors may appear due to the scanning process. Please refer to the finished book for accuracy.

The above is an excerpt from the book i before e except after c: oldschool ways to remember stuff
by Judy Parkinson
Published by The Reader’s Digest Association Inc.;April 2008;14.95US; 9780762109173
A Reader’s Digest book published in association with Michael O’Mara Books Limited. Copyright Michael O’Mara Books Limited 2008.

About the writer:  Judy Parkinson is a graduate of Bristol University in England. She is a producer of documentaries music videos and commercials as well as the recipient of a Clio Award for a Greenpeace Advertisement. Parkinson has published four books and has contributed to a show of life drawings at the Salon des Arts Kensington. She resides in London.

Womens Vote – Suffragettes

Womens Vote

What were the main factors involved in the gaining of the vote by woman?

Suffragettes: Suffrage the right to vote
The NUWS National Union Of Womens Suffrage was founded in 1897 by Milicent Fawcett with aims and of objectives to gain the vote for women. We will never know but the likely mission statement was To rally debate and show good will for the cause of gaining woman suffrage. The main idea behind the group was to show the male population that women too were worthy of the vote. Her main success came from her main argument! That women ranked high in society had the vote why then did all women not vote? this argument may have been the reason for the conversion of many in what was to become the Labour Party. In 1903 many disgruntled women left the party and formed the WSPU Womens Social and Political Union better known as the Suffragettes. The movement was founded by Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst and was prepared to use violence when necessary. At around 1905 the cause became violent with political meetings being attacked windows smashed and buildings burnt down. Emmiline Pankhurst states in her autobiography; we interrupted a great many meetings……and we were violently thrown out and insulted. Often we were painfully bruised and hurt. Some statements spoken at the time gained a significant amount of sympathy and awareness for the cause.

With the realisation that prison would gain them more of an audience the women allowed this to happen and then simply went on hunger strike once they were inside. This concerned the government as martyrs would help the Suffragettes and so they made the fatal decision to forcefeed the women which resulted in public outrage and several resignations. All they could do to respond was introduce the Cat and Mouse Act this gave them the power to imprison the women let them free at the last moment to feed themselves and then reimprison them the minute they recovered.

This only encouraged the movement and it wasnt long before Emily Wilding Davidson threw herself under the Kings horse at the 1913 June Derby. Although there are many plausible explanations as to how she came to be under the horse most evidence does suggest she either threw herself or tripped. When was broke out in 1914 the Suffragettes lay down arms and put their strength towards the war effort mainly health and munitions factories given them the name the Canaries.

Although there are several other reasons all strong the Suffragettes are considered the main reason behind Women gaining the vote!

To no form of religion is woman indebted for one impulse of freedom.
It is our duty to make this world a better place for women.
Ability is sexless.
Remember the dignity of your womanhood. Take courage join hands stand beside us fight with us.

About the writer:nbsp;nbsp;Name: Liam
Age: 15
I run a general chat forum focused mainly on metal music called www.morbidskies.com
The biggest feature of my site is my exlcusive interviews with big name bands such as Tyr Exmortem Hatesphere Sorg Uten Tarer and Northland.

Womens Political Struggle In Nepal: A Shared History Of South Asia

Womens Political Struggle in Nepal: a Shared History of South Asia

Dr.Kedar Karki

Nepal is a small landlocked Himalayan State placed between India and China. Its population of over 18 million is predominantly rural. Since its unification 200 years ago Nepal has been a monarchy. In the 18th century the warrior king Prithvi Narayan Shah unified many princely states bringing the country to its present shape and size. The unification marked the beginning of the rule by the Shah dynasty. In the past twoandahalf centuries the country has been ruled by 13 kings. For a century of isolation between 18501950 a feudal familythe Ranaswho called themselves kings ruled Nepal. During their regime the people were deprived of fundamental rights. In 1847 the Ranas took over power from the king and remained the defacto rulers for 104 years. The Ranas word was law. The people revolted against the Rana oligarchy and in 1951 the Rana regime gave way to democracy. King Tribhuwan supported the revolt. However the ushering in of democracy wasn’t completely free of political turmoil.

After years of political instability that followed general elections were held in 1959 and for the first time the people had an elected government. B. P. Koirala became the first elected prime minister of Nepal. In less than two years King Mahendra successor of King Tribhuwan dissolved both the government and the parliament brought democracy to an end and introduced the partyless Panchayat rule. The Panchayat system in which political parties were banned continued for 30 years. During this period a number of armed and unarmed struggles against the system took place which was crushed by the government. Students launched a major political movement in 1980 against the Panchayat system during King Birendra’s regime. To resolve the tension the King announced a referendum. People were to choose between multiparty democracy and an improved version of the Panchayat system. In a controversial result the multi party democracy was defeated. However it weakened the Panchayat system paving way for the restoration of democracy after a decade.

In 1950 a movement jointly involving the people of Nepal and the King overthrew the autocratic rule of the Ranas and a parliamentary form of government was established. In 1960 the King banned the parliamentary system of government and established a partyless autocratic panchayat system.

For more than 30 years Nepal had no party system. In the 1940s the people of Nepal were greatly influenced by Indias freedom struggle against British colonial rule. They rose against the Rana regime which had suppressed the growing peoples movement for democracy. Women started coming together and from 1947 until 1952 several womens organisations were born to raise the political and social consciousness among women in Nepal.

In 1960 the King of Nepal subverted the democratic panchayat system to an autocratic one. This put a sudden end to all associations and their activities. Women however remained politically active. In protest against the undemocratic royal proclamation of 1960 a group of women openly waved black flags in a public procession and were imprisoned. Later in the peoples movement of 1989 women actively participated to get rid of the autocratic panchayat system and to usher in a multiparty democratic system. Women of various regions and ideologies contributed greatly to the success of this movement.

In 1989 there was a mass movement for the restoration of democracy. The constitution of Nepal framed in 1990 after the restoration of democracy mandates a parliamentary form of government constitutional monarchy and the strengthening of multiparty democracy and an independent judiciary.

The historical Movement of the people in 1990 overthrew the Panchayat system and restored multiparty democracy. Within a year a democratic constitution was introduced which for the first time made the people sovereign. Less than six years after the restoration of multiparty system the Communist Party of NepalMaoist started an armed insurgency in 1996 claiming that the people had not yet received justice.

South Asia presents a unique paradox. Almost every country in the region with the exception of Nepal has had a woman leader at its helm at some point in time a phenomenon unparalleled in other regions of the world. Sri Lanka and Bangladesh have had the unique distinction of two women leaders in the course of their political history. This is in stark contrast to the dwindling numbers of women who are elected to national parliaments and legislatures during each election. The high visibility of women leaders is fully matched by the invisibility of women representatives in the national assemblies. In the case of Nepal womens access to positions of power in executive bodies and the courts has been limited. In the 25member panchayat cabinet that was dissolved on 8 April 1990 there was only one female minister who held the health portfolio. Very few women attained positions of office in panchayat institutions. Of the 140 members in the outgoing national panchayat eight 5.7 per cent were women.

In the May 1991 election to the House of Representatives the final list of the 1345 candidates included only 81 women 6.6 per cent. In the case of the two leading parties the Nepali Congress Party had 11 women among its 204 candidates while the United MarxistLeninist UML party included only nine women among its 177 candidates. At the district and village level the percentage of women candidates was a dismal 0.3 per cent and 0.9 per cent respectively.

The results declared showed that of the 205 candidates elected seven were womenfive from the Nepali Congress Party and two from the UMI .Since the constitution requires that women make up five per cent of the upper house three women were also nominated to fill the quota. At the national level 10 per cent of the women candidates were elected. At the district level although women constituted a negligible percentage of candidates there was a 100 per cent victory for women with all seven women winning. At the village level 25 per cent of those women who stood for elections won.

The new constitution of Nepal promulgated in 1990 provided women with equal political rights. It states that women can vote compete in local and national elections involve in political parties and support and adopt any political ideology. In 1990 constitutional provisions were introduced that made it mandatory to nominate at least five per cent of women candidates for the House of Representatives and to provide for seven seats for women in the National Assembly. The only provision added to appease women is the article on election rules . The constitution now requires that women amount to at least five per cent of the candidates fielded by each political party in the elections for the House of Representatives.

In the decade long armed conflict more than 13 thousand Nepalese lost their lives. Thousands were displaced and hundreds disappeared. Terror instability and infrastructure damage took its toll on the nation. In the meantime the entire family of King Birendra was wiped out in the infamous Royal palace massacre. The subsequent rise of King Gyanendra pushed the country to further turmoil. The government failed to hold elections in time. On charges of incompetence Sher Bahadur Deuba’s elected government was overthrown and the King formed his own government.

The Maoists movement had in the meantime gathered momentum hindering the holding of elections. The new government under Lokendra Bahadur Chand also failed to conduct elections. Surya Bahadur Thapa was appointed as the new Prime Minister. He held peace talks with the Maoists to prepare an environment for elections but that too resulted in a failure. Deuba was reappointed the Prime Minister but only remained in office for a short time as dialogue with the Maoists did not materialize. The escalation of violence and killings only added to the people’s desperation and increased security problem.

On February 1st 2005 the King took over absolute state powers and assumed the role of the Chairman of the cabinet a cabinet that he had himself nominated. This led the political parties to form an alliance with the Maoist rebels. In November 2005 a 12point agreement was signed by the seven political parties and the Maoists. The first objective of the agreement was to end the violent conflict and restore peace in the country. This agreement provided the Maoists an opportunity to suspend the armed movement and participate in a peaceful democratic movement.

The peaceful movement turned into a people’s movement. Millions of people marched onto the streets demanding an end to the tyrannical monarchy and the writing of a new Constitution through a Constituent Assembly. The people finally forced the king to relinquish state control on April 24 2006. The success of the People’s Movement II left king Gyanendra powerless. The political parties are now committed to writing a Democratic Constitution through a Constituent Assembly elected by the people. The Maoists have become a part of the Parliament. The responsibilities vested in the King have now been transferred to the Prime Minister.

An election for the Nepalese Constituent Assembly was held in Nepal on 10 April 2008 after having been postponed from earlier dates of 20 June 2007 and 22 November 2007. The Communist Party of Nepal Maoist CPN M placed first in the election with 220 out of 575 elected seats and it became the largest party in the Constituent Assembly. It was followed by the Nepali Congress with 110 seats and the Communist Party of Nepal Unified MarxistLeninist with 103 seats. As of 17 April 26 women have secured seats in the new assembly 22 from the CPN M one from the Nepali Congress two from the Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum Nepal and one from TaraiMadhesh Loktantrik Party from direct election on the basis of first track past post.

South Asian nations share certain predominant features: centralised governments; socioeconomic inequalities based on class gender and caste; and nationalistic divisive claims on grounds of ethnicity language and religion. India and Sri Lanka have remained democracies for the past 50 years while Bangladesh and Pakistan have been swinging between democracy militarism and autocracy. Nepal has passed from democracy to absolute monarchy and back to democracy absolute monarchy and federal democratic republic.

India was under British colonial rule for approximately 200 years and became an independent State in 1947. India then encompassed todays Pakistan and Bangladesh. Indian womens involvement in politics started in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Although British imperialism profoundly influenced the political engagement of both elite and nonelite women during this period its impact on the character and purpose of their engagement was very different. Nonelite women fought against the British colonialists. Moved by the hunger of their children the British confiscation of their land which was their means of livelihood and oppressive taxes women participated alongside men in famine revolts’ in the late 18th and 19th centuries and other revolts in the 19th century.

In 1947 with the end of British colonial rule and partition from India Bengal became East Pakistan. The marriage with West Pakistan proved incompatible over issues ranging from language to economic exploitation of the east wing and domination by the bureaucracy and military of West Pakistan. In 1971 Bangladesh was born to fulfil the dreams and aspirations of the people.

Historically two important movements characterised South Asia. One was the political movement of challenge and resistance to British colonialism and the other the social movement to reform traditional structures.

The national movement against British colonial rule in undivided India spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi was instrumental in bringing women in large numbers into the public space. Gandhi played a crucial role in creating a favourable atmosphere for womens participation in the freedom struggle by insisting that the struggle for womens equality was an integral part of the movement of swaraj. His choice of nonviolent Satyagraha as the mode of struggle also allowed women to play a far more active and creative role than was possible in more masculineoriented movements.

While he wanted a vanguard role for women in the freedom movement Gandhi did not encourage women to compete for power. Rather he wanted them to enter public life as selfless devoted social workers to undertake the crucial task of social reconstruction. He wanted women to cleanse politics to feminise it by bringing in the spirit of selfless sacrifice rather than compete with men in grabbing power and thus prove their moral superiority even in the realm of politics. In Gandhis view Women are the embodiment of sacrifice and her advent to public life should therefore result in purifying it in restraining unbridled ambition and accumulation of property. Gandhi therefore created a political space for women within the patriarchal system projecting the concept of womens role being complementary to men’s and embodying virtues of sacrifice and suffering.

Gandhi however was very conscious of the power that women could have in a struggle based on the concept of noncooperation. He stressed the importance of their participation in political and social matters and exhorted them to join the nationalist struggle. Gandhi therefore played a vital role in attempting to feminise the nationalist movement in India. In the process the values and views that he espoused influenced and shaped the womens movement in the early phase of independence of the other nations of the region.

The leading South Asian social and religious reformers in the 19th century were males whose principal objective was to cleanse and reinforce family life. For those early pioneers women were at first objects of their emancipatory efforts. But in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries they became more and more subjects in the political and social spheres as is clear from the examples of womens political struggles around a variety of issues in the countries of the region. Yet the basic understanding of the national movements leaders on womens issues continued to be filtered through the existing patriarchal system.

Women of India participated in demonstrations such as the allnight dharnas of 1930 against foreign cloth and in selling the salt of freedom’ during the salt Satyagraha. These campaigns succeeded in breaking the myth of segregation. They also articulated liberal sentiments like suffrage rights. To advocate womens equality and their right to participate in nationalist politics the All India Womens Conference AIWC was formed in 1927 through an amalgamation of various regional womens groups. It also spearheaded constitutional reforms and other provisions for women. Consisting of reformist revivalist and radical streams the AIWC played a critical role during the freedom struggle and helped women systematically articulate their political rights in public forums.

In Pakistan in the 1946 election two Muslim women Begum Jahanara Shahnawaz and Begum Shaista Ikramullah were elected to the Central Constituent Assembly. That same year Muslim women organised and held demonstrations to prevent the governments refusal to allow the Muslim League to form a ministry. Violence was used against the women demonstrators and they were arrested as well. Initially most of these activities were confined to Lahore and Karachi. However the civil disobedience movement of January 1947 mobilised even the Pathan women considered the most conservative in the subcontinent. They marched in support of the movement publicly unveiled for the first time. The most interesting form of political participation was the secret organisation called the War Council formed by the Pathans in which women helped run an underground radio station until independence.

By 1947 Muslim women were organising funds for the Pakistan movement fighting oppression on the streets and addressing issues such as education. The greatest numbers of women were not mobilised around issues relating to womens rights or their political and legal status. Instead the rallying cause was the Muslim homeland. The women believed that the newly created government would automatically expand womens rights and open avenues for their participation at all levels.

In Bangladesh the provincial education minister Abdul Hamid decided to close down the girls schools as there were not enough teachers and students. Jobeda Khatun Chowdhury the first Muslim woman politician of East Pakistan resisted the closure of Sylhet Womens College. She sought an interview with the minister on this matter. He stipulated a oneyear period to enrol the requisite number of students; otherwise the college would be closed down. Jobeda and a few other dedicated women then began a doortodoor campaign in search of students. They succeeded and the college remained open.

In Sri Lanka the erstwhile Ceylon several movements characterised the fight against British rule. The Suriyamal campaign which was started as a counter to the sale of poppies to assist British soldiers was the training ground for the rise of the leftwing socialist movement in Sri Lanka which spearheaded activities against British imperialism. For the first time women entered radical politics. They became vocal and visible and a variety of womens organisations emerged like the Mothers Union the Ceylon Womens Union the Womens Franchise Union the Womens Political Union and the Lanka Mahila Samiti. The formation of the Eksath Kantha Peramuna the United Womens Front was another great event in the political history of the country. It was the first autonomous socialist womens group in Sri Lanka. This party asserted its socialist policies in its declaration seeking changes in the fundamental structure of society. The women of these organisations continued to take part in active politics as members of parliament and cabinet ministers.

At the grassroots level constitutional provisions have ensured reservation for women in India Bangladesh and Nepal. In India there is a 33 per cent reservation for women through direct elections to panchayats or locallevel selfgovernance institutions that function in almost every State. At the local level the new ordinance of 1997 which ensured a 20 per cent reservation of seats for women has been a breakthrough and has contributed to the increased participation of women in local elected bodies. One seat is reserved for women in each ward of the Village Development Committee. The new ordinance forced all political parties to support at least one female candidate. This fact encouraged women to get more involved in political activities in Nepal. About 40000 female candidates were elected in the local elections of 1997. This provision has increased the numerical involvement of women in the local government units. However their involvement in positions of decisionmaking and influence is insignificant. Overall a strong male domination prevails.

The long history of struggles in South Asiafrom womens suffrage to womens participation in electoral politics at national and provincial levelsis an ongoing one. The family and the community have replaced the State as the agency for granting voting rights to women. The States initiative of granting quotas or reservation for women has proved to be a mixed bag depending on the country in question and the stipulation for reservation. India is still struggling for a constitutional amendment reserving 33 per cent seats for women in the parliament and State assemblies through direct election. The system of indirect elections through nominations to the national assembly and parliament as in Pakistan and Bangladesh has ended up in women depending on political patronage and becoming secondary members’. Here affirmative measures such as reservation and quotas end up as merely notional.

At the grassroots level the case of India which now has direct election and 33 per cent reservation for elected members in the local bodies at all three tiers of administration with an additional equal reservation for leadership position has emerged as the best model. Bangladesh and Nepal feature restricted reservation at a particular tier of administration. Whatever the outcomes the power of legislative reforms to ensure womens participation in electoral politics cannot be underestimated. Women are emerging as leaders waging struggles on several fronts.

South Asia boasts no documented case of political parties promoting the active participation of women in the party hierarchy or politics. In contemporary South Asia the interaction of women in the public sphere has improved as a consequence of the womens movement particularly at the grassroots level and due to the proliferation of nonpolitical womens organisations. They have created alternative political spaces for women outside the party and other formal political structures and women have started to engage with the State on a larger scale.

It is however evident that there are variations in this relationship between the State and women. Across countries in South Asia constitutional provisions legislative reforms and affirmative actions designed to encourage womens participation in politics at the national level did not automatically result in the enhanced participation of women in politics. Socioeconomic religious and cultural factors remain major impediments. The governments of these countries are taking various initiatives to increase the political participation of women. However it must be remembered that the affirmative measures are being injected externally into societies with extremely entrenched systems and traditions and therefore political restructuring will take a long time to usher in social transformations.

Women have greater potential and opportunities under democracy than under any other political system although there are enough examples of autocratic and repressive practices within democratic systems especially in the realm of party politics. The experience of democracy in practice in South Asia is that elected representatives routinely make politically expedient compromises and betray the confidence of their electors. That has been a negative development as far as women in these countries are concerned.

The mere fact of being elected to office as a woman does not however automatically ensure gender sensitivity. This is a serious issue that needs to be dealt with as it involves matters of class and caste. Having articulated the limitations of elected representative democracy one must however emphasise that South Asian women would never have been able to rise to where they now are without democracy and reservation.

The womens movement in South Asia despite constraints and fragmentation has had a number of achievements. In every country of the region a vibrant movement has become a countervailing power to the State. However the relationship between the State and the womens movement is an uneasy one. There are attempts to coopt leaders from the womens movement through policies and actions. Once they are coopted selfaggrandisement gets priority over gender issues. Then the female patriarchs’ perpetuate the existing system.

It is important to strengthen the links forged amongst the womens movement activists civil society and women politicians. At the same time there is need for extensive programmatic interventions to develop womens skills to be efficient candidates and managers in governance both locally and nationally. There is need to develop a system to provide women with information. Women also have to be taught to overcome the psychology of subordination of being portrayed as victimised and helpless and not be content with being guided by men. In all these countries the training programmes on women in politics were received with great enthusiasm despite the hurdles the women faced in getting to attend them. The women are fully aware of the importance of knowledge and skills to fulfil their new roles and in many instances are creating new leadership models.

About the writer:  Senior Vet.OfficerCentral Veterinary Laboratory Kathmandu Nepal M.V.St. Preventive Veterinary Mrdicine

Why Did Moses Cast Down The Tablets Of The Torah?

Many people do not know Allah. This series 171 is an attempt to help them to know their Creator.

Verses 7:150151 of the Noble Quran talk about: 1 Why was Moses angry and bitterly grieved because of the Israelites? 2 Why Did Moses cast down the Tablets of the Torah? 3 Why Did Moses seize his brother Aaron and drag him in anger? 4 Were the Israelites close to killing Moses brother Aaron? And 5 Moses prayed to Allah: My Lord forgive me and my brother and Have mercy on us.

In the previous article 70 the Israelites after Moses had departed for the communion with Allah made of their ornaments which they had borrowed from Pharaohs folk on the pretext of a wedding celebration and which remained in their possession a calf which the Samaritan had fashioned for them therefrom; a mere living body of flesh and blood which lowed that is which made audible sounds like a cow.

But how come that the Samaritan made for them a cow which made audible sounds from the gold?

It is said that it the calf was transformed in this way when the dust which the Samaritan had collected from where the hoof of Gabriels steed had trodden was placed in its mouth for it has the effect of giving life to that in which it is placed.

Then Allah asks:

Did they not see that it spoke not to them nor guided them to any way?

So how can it be taken as a god?

Yet they took it as such a god and were evildoers for taking it so.

The meaning of verse 7:150

And when Moses returned to his people angry because of them and bitterly grieved he said to them: Evil is that that is evil is the manner of succession which you have followed in my place after I had gone this idolatry of yours. Would you hasten on the judgment of your Lord?

And Moses cast down the Tablets the Tablets of the Torah angry for the sake of his Lord and they were broken into pieces

And he seized his brother by the head that is by the hair with his right hand and seized him by the beard with his left hand dragging him toward him in anger.

Aaron said to Moses: O son of my mother!

Aaron said ibna umm? by which he meant son of my mother

Um in Arabic means a mother

umm? means my mother

Ibna umm? means son of my mother

Why did Aaron say ibna umm? by which he meant son of my mother and he did not say son of my father? Because the mention of umm? my mother is more affectionate in appealing to the heart

Aaron said to Moses: O son of my mother! Truly the people judged me weak and they were close to killing me if I have prevented them of making the idol calf and taking it as god.

Then Aaron continues: Do not make my enemies gloat over my misfortune to rejoice thereat by your humiliating me and do not count me among the folk who have done evil by worshipping the calf in your reproach of them.

In other words the verse says:

And when Moses returned unto his people angry and grieved when he heard the voice of sedition

he said: Evil is that course which you took after I had left you; evil is what you did by worshipping the calf after I went to the mountain. Would you hasten on the judgment of your Lord; would you hasten by worshipping the calf the promise of your Lord? And he cast down the tablets from his hand and two of them were broken and he seized his brother by the head i.e. by Aaron’s hair dragging him towards him. He Aaron said: Son of my mother! they were full brothers but he mentioned their mother so that Moses might be gentle with him. Lo! the folk did judge me weak humiliated me and almost killed me due to my opposition. Oh make not mine enemies to triumph over me; make not the enemy the folk of the calf spite me and do not place me among the evildoers! Do not harm me because of the folk of the calf.

The meaning of verse 7:151

Moses prayed to Allah and said My Lord forgive me what I have done to my brother and forgive my brother he includes him in the supplication in order to reconcile him and to fend off any gloating over his misfortune and admit us into Your mercy for You are the Most Merciful of the merciful

In other word Moses said: My Lord! Have mercy on me because of what I did to Aaron and Have mercy on my brother Aaron because he did not fight them; Bring us into Thy mercy in Your Garden. You are the Most Merciful of all who show mercy.

=========

Verses 7:150151 in different English translations of the meanings of Arabic Quran:

Verse 7:150

QARIB: and when moses returned to his nation angry and sorrowful he said: ‘evil is what you have done in my absence! would you hasten the retribution of your lord? ‘ he threw down the tablets and seizing his brother by the head dragged him towards him. ‘son of my mother ‘ said aaron ‘the nation weakened me and almost killed me. do not let my enemies rejoice over me; do not number me among the harmdoers.’

SHAKIR: and when musa returned to his people wrathful and in violent grief he said: evil is it that you have done after me; did you turn away from the bidding of your lord? and he threw down the tablets and seized his brother by the head dragging him towards him. he said: son of my mother! surely the people reckoned me weak and had wellnigh slain me therefore make not the enemies to rejoice over me and count me not among the unjust people

PICKTHAL: and when moses returned unto his people angry and grieved he said: evil is that course which ye took after i had left you. would ye hasten on the judgment of your lord? and he cast down the tablets and he seized his brother by the head dragging him toward him. he said: son of my mother! lo! the folk did judge me weak and almost killed me. oh make not mine enemies to triumph over me and place me not among the evildoers.

YUSUFALI: when moses came back to his people angry and grieved he said: “evil it is that ye have done in my place in my absence: did ye make haste to bring on the judgment of your lord?” he put down the tablets seized his brother by the hair of his head and dragged him to him. aaron said: “son of my mother! the people did indeed reckon me as naught and went near to slaying me! make not the enemies rejoice over my misfortune nor count thou me amongst the people of sin.”

Verse 7:151

QARIB: ‘lord ‘ said moses ‘forgive me and forgive my brother. admit us to your mercy for you are most merciful of the merciful! ‘

SHAKIR: he said: my lord! forgive me and my brother and cause us to enter into thy mercy and thou art the most merciful of the merciful ones

PICKTHAL: he said: my lord! have mercy on me and on my brother; bring us into thy mercy thou the most merciful of all who show mercy.

YUSUFALI: moses prayed: “o my lord! forgive me and my brother! admit us to thy mercy! for thou art the most merciful of those who show mercy!”

About the writer:  CoChief editor October Weekly magazine Cairo Egypt.

Whos For Tea?

Teas proper use is to amuse the idle and relax the studios to dilute the full meal of those who cannot use exercise and will not use abstinence.

Samuel Johnson 1709 1764

The tea we drink and know so well is actually a camellia Camellia sinensis. First discovered as a tea or dried leaf tip that could be added to boiling water as a drink.

Its discovery was due to the ancient Chinese culture of herbal medicine and is traditionally attributed to Shen Nong said to have lived about 2.500 years ago.

Teas origin was as a medicinal herb used to clear the mind and was promptly adopted by scholars and Buddhist monks during meditation.

Although tea had been widely prepared as a drink throughout China for over 2000 years we must remember that China to the Europeans was totally unknown except for very minor reports and references in books i.e. from a Persian traveller in 1559 who mentions tea as a wonderful antidote to fever headache and stomach ache!

It was however the Dutch who first imported tea into Europe in 1610 as a purely medicinal drink but by 1637 tea was being imported into Holland as a hot drink with an increasing popularity. Holland at this time was the tea drinking country not England.

Tea was drunk in England on a small scale however tea arrived in England with a new vigor via the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 with the return to England of Charles ll who had lived in exile among the tea drinking Dutch.

But it was via Portugal that tea drinking in England received its real boost. The Portuguese had throughout the 15th century been Europes leading sea power with a vast and adventurous merchant fleet trading between Lisbon India and the southern Chinese port of Canton. Portugal had been the very first to encounter tea having a virtual control of trade to Asia until about 1600.

Portugal had been the first foreign power to be granted a trading concession by the Imperial Chinese government with imported goods hardly known in Europe including silks porcelain lacquer ware and tea establishing Lisbon as an important and wealthy city.

By the middle of the 17th century tea was the drink of choice at the Portuguese court.

In 1661 a political union was established between England and Portugal and as was the style of the day the political union was followed by a Royal marriage between England and Portugal which symbolized the union between the two kingdoms.

In 1662 Princess Catherine of Braganza was sent to England to be the Royal bride of Charles ll. Catherine now Queen of England further promoted tea at the English court. The new Queens passion for tea firmly established tea drinking at court which very quickly spread throughout high society.

Today tea is an inexpensive drink enjoyed by anyone who wishes to drink it but it was not always so. Tea in the 17th and 18th century was very expensive indeed a luxury drink enjoyed only by the wealthy classes.

We can still see preserved posters from Thomas Garways London tea and coffee shop with tea priced at 16 to 60 shillings a pound! And in 1664 a poster advertising tea at 4 5/ shillings for a little over two pound weight. In 1664 this was a vast amount of money well beyond the purse of the average family.

By the early 18th century the fashion for tea was gaining new ground and the price for standard grade tea had dropped to about 12 14 shillings a pound a sum of money equal to the average weekly income of a master craftsman at the time.

With tea being a privilege of the rich it soon became something to showoff about and the tea ceremony began to develop. This allowed the host to give a lavish display of wealth and status in the 18th century your wealth and social standing was something to display and the grander the display the better.

The tea table became a social centre and to extend hospitality to guests could be an expensive exercise we find a London magazine of 1744 reporting that it could cost more to maintain a fashionable tea table than to keep two children and a nurse!

In the 18th century tea was usually served mid afternoon after dinner which was served in the early afternoon. The lady of the house presided over the ritual of the tea table which by now had become almost a ceremony with rules of etiquette specific to taking tea. By example there is a Thomas Rawlinson cartoon; named The French Visitors The Frenchmen are seen cross legged and red in the face obviously desperate to relieve themselves written in the balloon shape coming from their mouths is Please Madam no more tea!! The joke in 18th century terms was that they did not know the tea table etiquette which required a guest to place his / her spoon in the tea cup to indicate to the hostess no more thank you.

This generous hostess had kept refilling the French visitors cups and they too polite to say no more thank you.

As the 18th century began to fade into the early 19th century tea now being grown by the British in India and Ceylon became less and less expensive eventually to become a staple of the poorer classes. Of particular benefit although not understood at the time was the fact the drinking water was now being boiled so that the many diseases spread by contaminated drinking water began to decline

The tea that we know today is a very inexpensive drink enjoyed by millions the elegant ritual of the tea table now reduced to a mug and a tea bag.

About the writer:nbsp;nbsp;Maurice Robertson principal of The Antique and Vintage Table Lamp Co has had a lifetimes association with antique porcelain and potterywith his commercial experience spaning a period of 40 yearsincluding as a valuer to the Australian Governments Incentive to the Arts Scheme. His long experience with antique ceramics and glass also includes dealing with leading museums and numerous international private collections. He has extended his ceramics expertise into the quality table lamps seen on the companys site he is well known to local and international interior designers who have included many of his table lamps in their projects and has also supplied items of national interest to the official Sydney residence of the Australian Prime Minister.

The Antique and Vintage Table Lamp Co specialise in antique table lamp lighting with an online range of over 100 unique antique and vintage lamps on view.Lamps are shipped ready wired for the U.S the U.K and Australia.For more information you are invited to visit their web site at :www.antiquelampshop.com The Antique Vintage Table Lamp Co 2009

Who Were The People Whom The Israelites Have Seen After Their Exodus ?

Many people do not know Allah. This series 166 is an attempt to help them to know their Creator.

Verses 7:137138 of the Noble Quran talk about: 1 Allah caused the Israelites to inherit the land which Allah had blessed 2 Why did Allah reward the Israelites with victory?

3 Allah annihilated all that Pharaoh and his folk had done of castles and townships 4 Who were the people whom the Israelites have seen after their Exodus from Egypt? 5 What the Israelites said unto Moses when they have seen the idolaters? 6 What Moses has replied the Israelites when they asked him to make for them an idol?

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The meaning of verse 7:137

And Allah bequeathed upon the Children of Israel the people who were oppressed through bondage the eastern parts of the land and the western parts thereof which Allah had blessed with water fertile land fruits and trees.

And the fair word of your Lord was fulfilled which was His saying exalted be He in verse 28:5:

Yet We desired to be gracious to those who were oppressed in the land namely the Children of Israel because they endured patiently persecution at the hands of their enemy.

And Allah destroyed utterly what Pharaoh and his folk had been creating by way of architecture and what they had been erecting what they had been raising of edifices.

In other words Allah caused the folk who were despised who were humiliated to inherit the eastern and the western parts of the land the land thereof which Allah had blessed with water and trees. And the fair word of the Lord to reward them with victory was fulfilled and became incumbent for the Children of Israel because of their endurance in the face of affliction;

it is also said: for their endurance upon their religion; and Allah annihilated destroyed all that Pharaoh and his folk had done of castles and townships and that they had contrived and that which they had planted of trees and vines; it is also said that this means: that which they had built.

The meaning of verse 7:138

And Allah brought the Children of Israel across the sea and they came upon they passed by a people cleaving in devotion to idols they had constantly worshipping them.

When the Israelites have seen them the worshipers of idols they said unto Moses: O Moses make for us a god an idol for us to worship just as they have gods. He said Truly you are an ignorant folk for repaying Gods grace to you with what you have said.

In other words Allah brought the Children of Israel across the sea and they came unto a people who were remnants of the people of Abraham who were given up to idols which they had who worshipped idols. They said: O Moses! Make for us a god show us a god to worship even as they have gods to worship. Moses said: Lo! are ignorant; you are a folk who do not know not the command of Allah.

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Verses 7:137138 in different English translations of the meanings of Arabic Quran:

Verse 7:137

QARIB: we gave the persecuted nation dominion over the eastern and western lands which we had blessed. so the word of your lord the finest was fulfilled for the children of israel because of their patience; and we destroyed the edifices and towers of pharaoh and whatsoever they manufactured.

SHAKIR: and we made the people who were deemed weak to mhent the eastern lands and the western ones which we had blessed; and the good word of your lord was fulfilled in the children of israel because they bore up sufferings patiently; and we utterly destroyed what firon and his people had wrought and what they built

PICKTHAL: and we caused the folk who were despised to inherit the eastern parts of the land and the western parts thereof which we had blessed. and the fair word of thy lord was fulfilled for the children of israel because of their endurance; and we annihilated all that pharaoh and his folk had done and that they had contrived.

YUSUFALI: and we made a people considered weak and of no account inheritors of lands in both east and west lands whereon we sent down our blessings. the fair promise of thy lord was fulfilled for the children of israel because they had patience and constancy and we levelled to the ground the great works and fine buildings which pharaoh and his people erected with such pride.

Verse 7:138

QARIB: and we moved the children of israel from one side of the sea to the other and they came upon a nation zealously devoted to the idols they had. they said to moses: ‘make a god for us as they have gods. ‘ moses replied: ‘you are indeed an ignorant nation.

SHAKIR: and we made the children of israel to pass the sea; then they came upon a people who kept to the worship of their idols they said: o musa! make for us a god as they have their gods he said: surely you are a people acting ignorantly:

PICKTHAL: and we brought the children of israel across the sea and they came unto a people who were given up to idols which they had. they said: o moses! make for us a god even as they have gods. he said: lo! ye are a folk who know not.

YUSUFALI: we took the children of israel with safety across the sea. they came upon a people devoted entirely to some idols they had. they said: “o moses! fashion for us a god like unto the gods they have.” he said: “surely ye are a people without knowledge.

About the writer:  CoChief editor October Weekly magazine Cairo Egypt.

Who Was The Worlds First Black Astronaut?

When most people think of the first black astronaut they think of Col. Guion “Guy” Bluford Jr. But there was one astronaut who came before Bluford and has been largely forgotten by history. Maj. Robert H. Lawrence Jr. a distinguished test and fighter pilot was one of the first to be selected for the Air Force’s Manned Orbiting Laboratory Program which was the precursor to the NASA Space Shuttle Program.

On Dec. 8 1967 only months after being selected to the prestigious MOL unit the F104 Starfighter jet in which he was a copilot crashed during a training flight at Edwards AFB Calif.

During the flight Lawrence was performing maneuvers to gather data for use in future manned space flight programs.

At the time the Air Force had it own objectives for space exploration that differed from NASA’s. The MOL pilots had a rigorous standard of aerospace flight education and proficiency equal to the NASA standards.

However Lawrence and the rest of the MOL participants were not officially recognized as “astronauts.” The evolution of the MOL and NASA programs combined with differences in terminology and the passage of time delayed appropriate recognition of Lawrence as an astronaut and true aerospace pioneer.

In 1997 the Air Force reviewed the issue and formally recognized Lawrence’s status as an “astronaut” qualifying him for an appropriate memorial.

The Astronauts Memorial Foundation quickly and unanimously voted to honor Lawrence adding his name to the 16 others who gave their lives for America’s space program on the Space Mirror Memorial located at Cocoa Beach. The AMF board felt it appropriate to formally honor Lawrence on the 30th anniversary of his fatal accident.

Although Lawrence never actually flew in space his contributions to the space program made it possible for the development of space shuttle. He made the ultimate sacrifice and lost his life in the service of the nation and its space program.

About the writer:  Virgil W. Magee is the Deputy Director of Media Analysis for Strategic Communications for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s International Security Assistance Force in Kabul Afghanistan. In his position he is responsible for the identification and analysis of local regional and global media trends pertaining to multinational ISAF and North Atlantic Treaty Organizations NATO alliance missions and strategic objectives for 42 partner nation defense and foreign affairs ministeriallevel organizations NATO and United Nations mandated missions.

Who Threw The Staffs First? Moses Or The Egyptian Sorcerers?

Many people do not know Allah. This series 160 is an attempt to help them to know their Creator.

Verses 7:115118 of the Noble Quran talk about: 1 the Egyptian sorcerers produced a mighty sorcery and scared the people 2 the illusion created by the Egyptian sorcerers were transformed by delusion 3 Allah inspired Moses: Throw Your Stick 4 Moses threw his staff and it swallowed up their lying show of the Egyptian sorcerers and 5 Moses won and the Egyptian sorcerers failed.

In the previous articles 5859

Moses said: O Pharaoh! I am a messenger from Allah to you

Pharaoh said: You are lying!

Moses said: when talking about to Allah it is compulsory to say the truth. Truly I have come to you with a clear signs from Allah.

Pharaoh Said: If you have come with a sign then produce it.

Then Moses cast down he flung down his staff and it was an enormous huge snake manifest for all to see

And he drew forth his hand he took it out from his bosom armpit and it was white radiant and shining for the beholders.

The chiefs of Pharaoh’s council said: Lo! this is some knowing wizard who is proficient in wizardry. Surely this man is a cunning sorcerer outstanding in the art of magic. The aim of this man Moses is to expel you from your land of Egypt. This was not true the aim of Moses was to take the children of Israel out of Egypt.

Then Pharaoh said:

Now what do you advise? What we should do concerning this matter?

They said unto Pharaoh:

We should bring every cunning sorcerer who is proficient in wizardry to outdo Moses in the art of magic. And so they summoned many of the knowing wizards.

And the sorcerers who were 70 in number came to Pharaoh and they said: Surely there will be a great reward for us if we are victors against Moses.

Pharaoh answered: Yes of course you have that and surely you shall be of those brought near to me in status. Then what?

The meaning of verse 7:115

The Egyptian sorcerers who were proficient in wizardry said:

O Moses! Either you throw first or let us be the first throwers

Either you cast your staff or we shall be the casters! of what we have.

The meaning of verse 7:116

Moses said:

Cast! Throw first whatever you are going to throw! This is a sort of command permitting them to cast first as a means to manifesting the truth.

And when they cast their ropes and staffs they put a spell upon the peoples eyes misleading them from perceiving the real state of these ropes and staffs and overawed them scared them by making their ropes appear to be slithering snakes and produced a mighty sorcery.

In other words when they threw 70 staffs and 70 ropes they cast a spell upon the people’s eyes and overawed them scared them and produced a mighty spell; it is also said that this means: a clear lie.

The meaning of verse 7:117

And Allah revealed to Moses saying: Cast your staff. And lo! it swallowed up the illusion they were creating that which they were transforming by delusion.

In other words Allah inspired Moses saying: Throw your staff! And he threw it. And lo! it swallowed up their lying show their staffs and ropes.

The meaning of verse 7:118

Thus did the truth come to pass thus it was confirmed and made manifest; and that which they were doing in the way of sorcery was proved false.

In other words thus the Truth was vindicated; it became clear that Moses was right; and that which the Egyptian sorcerers were doing of sorcery was made vain fizzled away.

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Verses 7:115118 in different English translations of the meanings of Arabic Quran:

Verse 7:115

QARIB: they said: ‘moses will you throw first or shall we be the throwers? ‘

SHAKIR: they said: o musa! will you cast or shall we be the first to cast?

PICKTHAL: they said: o moses! either throw first or let us be the first throwers?

YUSUFALI: they said: “o moses! wilt thou throw first or shall we have the first throw?”

Verse 7:116

QARIB: ‘throw ‘ he replied. and when they threw they bewitched the people’s eyes and terrified them and produced great sorcery.

SHAKIR: he said: cast. so when they cast they deceived the people’s eyes and frightened them and they produced a mighty enchantment

PICKTHAL: he said: throw! and when they threw they cast a spell upon the people’s eyes and overawed them and produced a mighty spell.

YUSUFALI: said moses: “throw ye first.” so when they threw they bewitched the eyes of the people and struck terror into them: for they showed a great feat of magic.

Verse 7:117

QARIB: then we revealed to moses: ‘now throw down your staff. ‘ and thereupon it swallowed up their false invention.

SHAKIR: and we revealed to musa saying: cast your rod; then lo! it devoured the lies they told

PICKTHAL: and we inspired moses saying: throw thy staff! and lo! it swallowed up their lying show.

YUSUFALI: we put it into moses’s mind by inspiration: “throw now thy rod”:and behold! it swallows up straight away all the falsehoods which they fake!

Verse 7:118

QARIB: so the truth prevailed and what they were doing was annulled;

SHAKIR: so the truth was established and what they did became null

PICKTHAL: thus was the truth vindicated and that which they were doing was made vain.

YUSUFALI: thus truth was confirmed and all that they did was made of no effect.

About the writer:  CoChief editor October Weekly magazine Cairo Egypt.

Who Is The Top Priest Who Believed In Allah And Muhammad?

Many people do not know Allah. This series 174 is an attempt to help them to know their Creator.

Verses 7:157158 of the Noble Quran talk about: 1 Allah’s mercy subsumes all things and the loser is 2 In the Afterlife Allah’s mercy is only for those who 3 Is Muhammad inscribed in Torah and Gospel? 4 Who is the top Priest who believed in Allah and Muhammad? 5 Who is the illiterate man of Isaiah’s Prophecy? 6 What is the first revealed word of the Quran? 7 How come that an illiterate man becomes the most famous teacher? 8 In the Bible: Isaiah prophesizes that the last Prophet is an illiterate man 9 Allah gives life and makes to die and 10 What if you Believe in Allah?

In the previous article 73

Moses prayed to Allah and said: prescribe for us grant us in this world good and in the Hereafter good. We have turned repented to You. He Allah says: My chastisement I smite with it whom I will to chastise and My mercy embraces subsumes all things in this world and so I shall prescribe it in the Hereafter for those who are Godfearing and pay the alms and those who believe in Our signs;

One of the important issue is that Satan seized this opportunity and said: ” I am of the things and Allah’s mercy embraces all things ”

But Allah excluded him from this by saying: therefore I shall ordain it My Mercy for those who ward off evil disbelief idolatry and indecencies and pay the poordue and give from their wealth what is due to the poor and those who believe Our revelations believe in Our Scripture and Messenger. The people of the Book seized this opportunity and said: ” we are the people of Godfearing ness and Scripture ” but Allah excluded them from this and explained to whom this mercy is ordained saying: see the next article.

The meaning of verse 7:157

Allah’s mercy subsumes all things but

To whom Allah’s mercy is ordained?

The verse states to whom Allah’s mercy is ordained:

Those who follow the messenger the religion of the Messenger the Prophet who can neither read nor write i.e. Muhammad whom they will find with his traits and description; described in the Torah and the Gospel which are with them.

He will enjoin on them that which is right Allah’s divine Oneness and moral excellence and forbid them that which is wrong disbelief and hurting others.

He will make lawful for them all good things; he explains to them the lawfulness of that which is in the Scripture such as the meat and milk of camels sheep and others; and prohibit for them only the foul; he explains to them the unlawfulness of what is in the Scripture such as carrion the meat of swine and other things; and he will relieve them of their burden their pledges the breaking of which made good things unlawful for them and the fetters the hardships that they used to wear such as tearing up their clothes and other things.

Then those who believe in him in Muhammad i.e. ‘Abdullah Ibn Salam the top Jewish Priest at the time of Muhammad and his followers and honor him and assist him and help him and follow the light the Quran which is sent down with him which was sent with the Angel Gabriel: that which is lawful they declared lawful and that which unlawful they declared unlawful: they are the successful who are saved from Allah’s wrath and torment.

N.B.:

Abdullah Ibn Salam was the top Jewish Priest at the time of Muhammad. He went to Muhammad and said unto him:

I know that you are the last Prophet which Allah has promised to send. I believe in Allah and in you. Muhammad was glad to hear that and he said to Ibn Salam: Do you mind if your folk heard what you said?… the rest of the story is very interesting and you can find it by searching the net.

In other words the verse says: those who follow the Prophet who is uninstructed illiterate i.e. unable to read and write

the Messenger Muhammad whom they will find inscribed in their Torah and Gospel in name and description enjoining them to decency and forbidding them indecency making lawful for them the good things which were forbidden to them by their Law and making unlawful for them the vile things such as carrion and the like and relieving them of their burden their onus and the shackles the hardships that they used to bear such as the requirement to kill oneself as a repentance and the severing of that part that had come into contact with any impurity.

Then those who believe in him from among them the people of the Book the Jews and the Christians and honor him revere him and help him and follow the light that has been revealed with him namely the Quran they are the ones who will prosper.

An example of how Muhammad is inscribed in the Bible:

The story of the first revealed verse of the Quran:

The Angel Gabriel came to Muhammad holding a paper He gave the paper to Muhammad and said: “Read this

Muhammad said: “I cannot read”.

Then the first verse of the Quran revealed:

This story is mentioned in the Bible in Isaiah 29:12

Isaiah 29:12 New American Standard Bible

Then the book will be given to the one who is illiterate saying “Please read this.” And he will say “I cannot read.”

In this Biblical verse Isaiah prophesizes that the last Prophet is illiterate I cannot read.

Back to the story the Angel Gabriel repeated for three times “Read this” and Muhammad answered for three times: “I cannot read”.

Then the first verse of the Quran revealed:

“Read in the name of your lord who created” verse 96:1.

And this was the first revelation that Gabriel brought down from Allah unto Muhammad.

It is interested that the first revealed word of the Quran is:” Read”.

The first verse of the Noble Quran says:

Read O Muhammad in the name of your Who created all creatures.

It is very interesting that since then the illiterate Arabic man Muhammad became the teacher and the advisor of mankind; how? Because he was taught by the Creator of the Worlds!

As a matter of fact there are many Biblical prophecies about the Prophet Muhammad; the interested reader can search for “Muhammad in the Bible” he could find a lot of Biblical prophecies about the last Prophet Muhammad.

Back to Allah’s mercy subsumes all things

Allah’s mercy subsumes all things

In the life of this world Allah’s mercy subsumes every human being either he is a believer or disbeliever. Allah bestows the disbelievers as well as the believers by the brain heart eyes hearing hands feet etc. But in the hereafter Allah’s mercy is only for those who believe in Him in the Angels in the Scriptures including the Quran in the Messengers including Muhammad and in the Day of Judgment.

It is a fruitful question: who is the loser?

The loser is the one who fails to attain Allah’s mercy that subsumes all things; and we are things!

The meaning of verse 7:158

Say addressing the Prophet here: O Muhammad: O mankind! Lo! I am the Messenger of Allah to you all; the Messenger of Him unto whom belonged the Sovereignty the Kingdom of the heavens and the earth. There is no God save Allah; there is no Provider save Him. He quickens for the resurrection and He gives death in the life of this world.

So believe in Allah and His messenger the Prophet who can neither read nor write who believes in Allah and in His words; in the Quran; or according to another commentary: who believes in Jesus who became a created being with a word Be and he was. And follow him; follow the religion of Muhammad that haply you may be led aright; in order that you be guided from error to faith.

In other words the verse says:

Say O Muhammad: O mankind I am the Allah’s Messenger of to you all the Messenger of Him to Whom belongs the kingdom of the heavens and of the earth. There is no god but Him. He gives life and makes to die.

Believe then in Allah and His Messenger the illiterate Prophet who believes in Allah and His words the Quran and follow him so that you might be guided led aright.

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Verses 7:157158 in different English translations of the meanings of Arabic Quran:

Verse 7:157

QARIB: and to those who shall follow the messenger the unlettered prophet muhammad whom they shall find written with them in the torah and the gospel. he will order kindness upon them and forbid them to do evil. he will make good things lawful to them and prohibit all that is foul. he will relieve them of their burdens and of the shackles that weigh upon them. those who believe in him and honor him those who aid him and follow the light sent forth with him shall surely prosper. ‘

SHAKIR: those who follow the messengerprophet the ummi whom they find written down with them in the taurat and the injeel who enjoins them good and forbids them evil and makes lawful to them the good things and makes unlawful to them impure things and removes from them their burden and the shackles which were upon them; so as for those who believe in him and honor him and help him and follow the light which has been sent down with him these it is that are the successful

PICKTHAL: those who follow the messenger the prophet who can neither read nor write whom they will find described in the torah and the gospel which are with them. he will enjoin on them that which is right and forbid them that which is wrong. he will make lawful for them all good things and prohibit for them only the foul; and he will relieve them of their burden and the fetters that they used to wear. then those who believe in him and honour him and help him and follow the light which is sent down with him: they are the successful.

YUSUFALI: “those who follow the messenger the unlettered prophet whom they find mentioned in their own scriptures in the law and the gospel; for he commands them what is just and forbids them what is evil; he allows them as lawful what is good and pure and prohibits them from what is bad and impure; he releases them from their heavy burdens and from the yokes that are upon them. so it is those who believe in him honour him help him and follow the light which is sent down with him it is they who will prosper.

Verse 7:158

QARIB: say: ‘o mankind i am the messenger of Allah to you all. his is the kingdom in the heavens and the earth. there is no god except he. he revives and causes to die. therefore believe in Allah and his messenger the unlettered prophet who believes in Allah and his words. follow him in order that you are guided.’

SHAKIR: say: o people! surely i am the messenger of Allah to you all of him whose is the kingdom of the heavens and the earth there is no god but he; he brings to life and causes to die therefore believe in Allah and his messenger the ummi prophet who believes in Allah and his words and follow him so that you may walk in the right way

PICKTHAL: say o muhammad: o mankind! lo! i am the messenger of Allah to you all the messenger of him unto whom belongeth the sovereignty of the heavens and the earth. there is no Allah save him. he quickeneth and he giveth death. so believe in Allah and his messenger the prophet who can neither read nor write who believeth in Allah and in his words and follow him that haply ye may be led aright.

YUSUFALI: say: “o men! i am sent unto you all as the messenger of Allah to whom belongeth the dominion of the heavens and the earth: there is no god but he: it is he that giveth both life and death. so believe in Allah and his messenger the unlettered prophet who believeth in Allah and his words: follow him that so ye may be guided.

About the writer:  CoChief editor October Weekly magazine Cairo Egypt.

Who Is The Murder Of King Tut?

King Tut: Pharaoh from dynasty 18 in the New Kingdom. His reign about nine years just. He was the son of Amenhotep III and Tiye meanwhile some scholars said that he was the son of Amenhotep IV Akhenaten. After the death of Amenhotep IV the new capital Amarna lost its value in the reign of Tutankhamun. His tomb in the valley of the kings where most of the pharaohs’s tombs found.

King Tutankhamen was a young king when he access to the throne at a time wrought with religious and political upheavals from within and issues just as great from without. The dynasty 18 constantly fought wars to protect its borders and in the process spread its rule to distant lands. In fact the 18th dynasty was born in warfare when Tuts ancestors expelled the foreign Hyksos invaders who brought slavery colonization and chaos to the Afrikan population. King Tutankhamen would be one of the last rulers in one of the greatest royal families of not only Afrika but also the world. Art literature science architecture and the other hallmarks of civilization had reached a zenith in a great old age of gold.

When the scholars study and check the mummy and burial chamber of King Tut they found clues that make the one think in unnatural death for the king. Was King Tut murdered or died naturally as any other person? Who is the murder why he killed the Pharaoh?

After hard work in searching the great scholar Carter is finally able to give good news that he has found the tomb of king Tutankhamen. While he attempts to discover the mysteries of the hieroglyphs inside the tomb and artifacts the suspenses story of Tuts political struggle emerges. As the young king challenges the authority of his official vizier Aye and the military man Horemheb the two man accused as the murder the King so that one of them hope to succeed him as leaders.With the success of Carter turns bittersweet when rumors of King Tuts curse spread. When his yellow canary is eaten by the snake cobra. The complete story at King Tutankhamun

About the writer:  Male 29